Combined scale factor (CSF) is introduced in this post as well as the difference between ground coordinates (surface coordinates) and grid coordinates. As explained in the post, in a GIS…
Combined scale factor (CSF) is introduced in this post as well as the difference between ground coordinates (surface coordinates) and grid coordinates. As explained in the post, in a GIS…
The earth surface is irregular and curvy. To describe the earth surface mathematically, an ellipsoid is defined to approximate the bumpy earth surface, or more accurately a datum based on…